Takako Doi

was a Japanese politician. She was leader of the Japan Socialist Party from 1986 to 1991 and its successor party the Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2003. In the former role, she became the first female leader of a major Japanese political party, and the country's first female opposition leader. Doi's leadership and the result of the 1989 Upper House elections are considered watershed moments for female political participation in Japan. She led the party to great success in the 1989 and 1990 elections.

After the 1993 election, she was elected as the first female Speaker of the House of Representatives. She led the diminished SDP from 1996 until resigning after the 2003 election.